Sepsis
Every year at least 1.7 million adults affected by sepsis and nearly 2,70,000 die due to sepsis. Sepsis is a life threatening illness caused by our body response to an infection.
What is CVS?
CVS stands for Cardiovascular System
With the help of some biomarkers like MAP, Potassium, HR (Heart Rate), O2sat in sepsis dataset, we observed how it affects Heart and causes cardiac arrest to the sepsis patients.
Potassium
Potassium is a nutrient that helps the cells to work right. Potassium is needed to keep our muscle, nerves, heart working well and important for digestive and bone health. Its normal range is 3.5- 5.0 mmol/L. It is related to blood and affects the organs like kidney, heart. Potassium channels are involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of sepsis, it develops organ damage.
Potassium is less than 3.5 leads to Hypokalemia, When the potassium level is less than 2.5 mmol/L, it causes leads to cardiac arrest in sepsis patients. Hypokalemia leads to muscle paralysis, breathing problem and irregular heartbeat. From the dataset, we retrieved the patient IDs of sepsis patients who are affected with potassium. In the below chart you can see the ranges of potassium, with the high level of potassium also called as Hyperkalemia around 81 patients, normal range around 502 patients, low range around 95 patients and less than 2.5 in which four patients are affected by Hypokalemia who are more prone to cardiac arrest.
When the potassium level is low, there heart rate is high around the range 102 to 106 beats/min. From the below chart we can see the maximum hour of stay by this patient in ICULOS.
MAP [Mean Arterial Pressure]
MAP was calculated as SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure)/3 + 2 DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure). Patients were divided into three groups according to MAP levels;
MAP<102mm Hg
102<=MAP<113 and MAP>=113
From the above chart, we retrieved distinct count for MAP with sepsis patients around 889, with high level of MAP around 136 patients those are having high risk of cardiac arrest when the MAP level is 102-113mm.
From this chart, we compared the MAP level with O2Sat and HR, it shows increase in cardiac output was associated with increase in oxygen delivery, from that effect of increasing in MAP on O2sat level is one of the causes for cardiac arrest. So, around 35 sepsis patients (O2Sat) with the high range of MAP (106) whose Heart Rate is 280.
So, from this analysis Potassium and MAP biomarkers are one of the reasons that causes cardiac arrest in sepsis patients.
Thank you for reading!