Behavior Driven Development (BDD)

What is BDD?

Behavior Driven Development (BDD) is an agile software development process which is evolved from Test Driven Development (TDD). The main advantage of BDD over TDD is the use of simple language which can be easily understood by all type of stakeholders (tech, non-tech).

User Stories and Scenario

Like other agile development process, User stories/Feature generally uses the Role-Feature –Benefit (RGB) model as mentioned below.

Generally BDD practitioner prefers the term “Scenario” instead of referring to tests and uses GHERKIN method to write Scenario (acceptance criteria) as described below.

Let us see few examples of Features and Scenarios:

Feature 1: As a customer, I would like to register, login and log out Instacart application so that I can buy groceries online.

@Scenario 1_1

Scenario: Register in Instacart

Given: the name, address and email id,

when: I try to register in Instacart

then: the registration is completed successfully.

@Scenario 1_2

Scenario: Login to Instacart

Given: the Instacart login credentials

when: I try to login with the valid user credentials

then: login to Instacart completed successfully.

@Scenario 1_3

Scenario: Log out Instacart

Given: I logged into Instacart,

when: I click the log out button

then: I am able to log out Instacart successfully.

@Scenario 1_4

Scenario: Invalid user credentials

Given: I am on Instacart login page,

when: I try to login with invalid user credentials

then: the error message “invalid email or password” is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 1_5

Scenario: Account locked

Given: I am on Instacart page,

when: I try to login with invalid user credentials more than three times

then: the account is locked and an email is triggered to the registered email id successfully.

@Scenario 1_6

Scenario: Account reset

Given: the user account is locked and I have an email to unlock,

when: I try to click unlock my account

then: account is un locked successfully.

@Scenario 1_7

Scenario: Password reset

Given: I am on Instacart login page,

when: I click forgot password and I entered email id and click Reset password

then: an email is triggered with password reset instructions.

Feature 2: As a customer, I would like to find items in Instacart application.

@Scenario 2_1

Scenario: Select Store

Given: I logged into Instacart,

when: I click the store page in home page

then: the store page is opened successfully.

@Scenario 2_2

Scenario: Search for the available items in the store page

Given: I logged into Instacart and selected the store page,

When: I enter the item name in search box

And : I click the search button

then: the item is listed in search page

@Scenario 2_3

Scenario: Search for Item not found

Given: I logged into instacart and selected the store page,

When: I enter the unavailable item name in the search box

And : I click the search button

then: the item unavailable error message is displayed

@Scenario 2_4

Scenario: Item details page

Given: I am in the available item search page and the item is listed,

when: I click the item

then: the item page with item description, price, quantity drop box and add to cart button is displayed successfully.

@Scenario_2_5

Scenario: Featured items at My Cart Page

Given: I am in the available item search page and the item is listed,

when: I click the item

then: the featured items are displayed at the bottom of the item page.

Feature 3: As a customer, I would like to add/remove items to cart in Instacart application.

@Scenario 3_1

Scenario : Add to cart

Given: I am in the item page in Instacart application,

when: I click add to cart

then: the item is added to cart successfully.

@Scenario_3_2

Scenario: Quantity change

Given: I am in the item page in Instacart application,

when: I click + button in quantity drop box,

then: the quantity is increased by one successfully.

@Scenario_3_3

Scenario: My Cart Page

Given: I added all the items to the cart,

when: I click the cart symbol

then: the my cart page with all the added items along with quantity and price is listed successfully.

@Scenario_3_4

Scenario: Suggested items at My Cart Page

Given: I added all the items to the cart,

when: I click the cart symbol

then: the suggested items to add next are displayed at the bottom of the my cart page.

@Scenario_3_5

Scenario: Remove items from My Cart Page

Given: I am in the my cart page,

when: I click the remove button

then: the item is removed successfully from the cart.

@Scenario_3_6

Scenario: Preferences in My Cart Page

Given: I am in the my cart page,

when: I click the preferences

then: the preference page with other options is displayed succesfully.

@Scenario_3_7

Scenario: Replacement for items in My Cart Page

Given: I am in the preference page,

when: I choose the replacement item

then: the replacement item page with quantity, price and choose as replacement button is displayed successfully.

@Scenario_3_8

Scenario: Choosing replacement items in My Cart Page

Given: I am in the replacement item page in the Instacart application,

when: I click “choose as replacement” button

then: the replacement option is updated successfully.

Feature 4: As a customer, I would like to checkout the Instacart application.

@Scenario 4_1

Scenario: Checkout in Add to cart page

Given: I am in the my cart page and total amount is less than $10,

when: I try to click the checkout button

then: the check out button is hidden with the message min $10 to checkout

@Scenario 4_2

Scenario: Checkout in Add to cart page

Given: I am in the my cart page and total amount is more than $10,

when: I click the checkout button

then: the check out page with two options of delivery and pick up is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 4_3

Scenario: Using pick up option in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: I click the pickup option,

then: the pickup check out page is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 4_4

Scenario: Choosing pick up location option in pickup checkout page

Given: I am in the pickup checkout page,

when: I click the pickup location,

then: the pickup locations are listed along with browse other locations option.

@Scenario 4_5

Scenario: Using delivery option in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: I click the delivery option,

then: the delivery check out page is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 4_6

Scenario: Choosing delivery time in checkout page

Given: I am in the delivery checkout page,

when: I click the delivery time

then: the delivery options with date, day and timing is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 4_7

Scenario: Adding payment method in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: I click the “add a payment method”

then: the payment option of “add new card” is displayed successfully.

@Scenario 4_8

Scenario: Adding credit/debit card details in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page and I click add new card,

when: I enter the credit/debit card details

then: the card details are added to the payment method successfully.

@Scenario 4_9

Scenario: Adding new credit/debit card details in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page and I click add new card,

when: there is an existing credit/debit card detail

And: I enter the new credit/debit card details

then: the new card details are added to the payment method successfully without affecting the existing credit/debit card details.

@Scenario 4_10

Scenario: Selecting appropriate new credit/debit card details in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: there are many existing credit/debit card details

then: I am able to select any one card for the payment method

@Scenario 4_11

Scenario: Selecting appropriate new credit/debit card details in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: there are many existing credit/debit card details

then: I am able to select my preferred card for the payment method

@Scenario 4_12

Scenario: Delivery tip in delivery checkout page

Given: I am in the delivery checkout page,

when: I click the delivery tip

then: I am able to increase or decrease the delivery tip amount

@Scenario 4_13

Scenario: Adding promo code in checkout page

Given: I am in the checkout page,

when: I click Add promo code or gift code

then: add promo or gift card page is appeared along with the Redeem button

@Scenario 4_14

Scenario: Adding promo code successfully

Given: I am in the add promo code page,

when: I add valid promo code or gift code and click Redeem

then: the promo code is applied successfully and the total amount is reduced as per the applied code.

@Scenario 4_15

Scenario: Invalid promo code

Given: I am in the add promo code page,

when: I add invalid promo code or gift code and click Redeem

then: the message “promotion code is invalid” is appeared successfully

@Scenario 4_16

Scenario: Place order

Given: I am in the check out page and all the required details are updated,

when: I click place order

then: the order is placed successfully.

Summary:

BDD let us develop, test from the view of the product owner and really helps to have a better communication with all stakeholders. Let’s try it out.