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Behavior Driven Development(BDD) is a software development approach that has emerged from Test Driven Development. Both approaches create tests before the coding begins.
Test Driven Development(TDD), focuses more on implementation of the feature, which follows a simple five step process.
Write a test
Run the test and show its fails (red)
Write the code that meets the need of test
Run the test till it passes(green)
Refactor
TDD Cycle
Whereas Behavior Driven Test(BDD),focuses more on systems behavior through examples in simple domain specific language. It is more of an agile ‘as a user’ approach. It improves the communication between tech, non-tech and stakeholders as it uses plain text language called Gherkin.
BDD-Gherkin
Gherkin is a domain specific language which helps to describe business behavior without going into implementation details. Gherkin is designed in such a way even a non programmer can follow.
Gherkin Keywords:
Features: describes the feature
Scenarios: describes the behavior of the system
Steps : Given -> sets up initial state
When -> performs an action
Then -> verify outcomes
You can add And,But to any type of steps as needed.
Here goes some examples using Gherkin,
Feature: Shopping in Amazon
Scenario: login Amazon with valid credentials
Given the user is on amazon login page
When the user entered valid email address and password
And press enter
Then it shows “Hello, Your name” in the top of the home page.
Scenario: invalid username
Given the user wants to sign in to amazon
When the user enter invalid email address and press enter
Then it should pop up “There was a problem We cannot find an account with that email address”
Scenario: invalid password
Given the user wants to sign in to amazon
When the user enter valid email address and invalid password and press enter
Then it should pop up “There was a problem Your password is incorrect ”
Scenario: forgot password
Given the user wants to sign in to amazon
When the user enter valid email address and press enter
And clicks the “forgot your password”
Then it should pop up “Password assistance” window
And ask the user to enter email id or phone number and press continue
Scenario: change the user name before entering the password
Given the user wants to sign in to amazon
And the user entered valid email address and press enter
When the user wants to sign in using different email id
Then the user should click on “change” near the given email id
Scenario: Search for an item
Given the user in amazon website
When the user enter the item, you want to search in the search bar and press enter
Then the user should see products related to the search made.
Scenario: add product to the cart
Given the user is in the product page that he want to buy
When the user click "add to cart"
Then the item should be added to the cart
Scenario: not logged in and trying to place an order
Given the user have added items without logging in
When the user click “Proceed to checkout”
Then it should redirect to login page
Scenario: get a free shipping without prime membership
Given the user logged in and added items to the cart
When the user’s cart subtotal is more than $25
And the items are shipped and sold by amazon
Then the user is qualified for free shipping
Scenario: looking for products which are only prime
Given the user has a prime membership
When the user search for a particular product
And the user selected the prime checkbox
Then users search results should only show prime products
Scenario: deleting items from the cart
Given the user have added some items in the cart
When the user click delete the item in the shopping cart
Then the item is deleted and not showing in the cart again
Scenario: increasing the quantity in the shopping cart
Given user have added some items in the cart
When the user increase the quantity of the item in the shopping cart
Then it should show the selected quantity in the field
And the price should change accordingly
Scenario: to see prime videos in your prime account
Given the user have prime account and logged in
When the user click on “Prime Video” tab on the home page
Then the user should redirect to Prime Video page
Scenario: to do shopping in Whole Foods from amazon home page
Given the user is logged in as amazon prime customer
When the user click Whole Foods tab
Then it should redirect to whole foods page
Scenario: to check items added by Alexa to my shopping list
Given the user have asked Alexa to add some items in the shopping list
When the user click the “Alexa lists” in the home page
Then it should show the items user have asked to add
Scenario: to check the user orders
Given the user placed some orders in amazon
When the user click “Returns and Orders” tab
Then it should redirect to “Returns and Orders” page where it shows all your past orders
Scenario: to track users orders
Given the user placed some orders
When the user click “Track Package” under “Orders”
Then it should redirect to “Track Package” page where it shows the status of the order
Scenario: cancel the order
Given the user have placed an order in amazon
And the user want cancel the order
When the user go to “Your Orders”
And select the item to be canceled
And click "cancel the order"
Then the users order will be canceled
Scenario: setting “Your Amazon day”
Given the user is an amazon customer
And placed orders where it arrives in different days
And the user wants all the package to arrive in the same day
When the user set preference under “Amazon Day Delivery” to a particular
Then it should show the users Amazon day to that particular day.
Scenario: to change the delivery address
Given the user have an amazon account
When the user want to place an order to a different address
Then in checkout page, add the new address the user want to deliver or change the address under Shipping address
Scenario: apply promotion code
Given: you have added items in the cart
And: clicked to checkout page
When: you enter promotion code inside “enter code”
And: click apply
Then: if it’s a valid code it should change the price accordingly
Scenario: to change the payment method
Given the user have added the items in the cart
And proceeded to check out page
When the user want to change the payment method
Then click "change payment method"
And choose or add the card as user wants
Scenario: to go to amazon home page
Given the user is shopping inside amazon site
When the user currently in checkout page or under some product page
And want to redirect to home page
Then click on “Amazon” icon on the top left to go to home page
Scenario: see the ratings for the product
Given the user searched for a product
When the user click the ratings link under the product description
Then it shows customer reviews and stars for that particular product
Scenario: signing out from user’s account
Given the user signed into amazon
And the user wants to sign out from amazon
When the user clicked sign out under "your account"
Then the user come back to amazon homepage where it shows sign in on top of the page